Humle

Andre navne: Humulus lupulus L. (Eng.: Hop)

Humle har i mange århundreder været anvendt som smagsgiver til øl. Humleplanten og specielt dens kopper indeholder mange interessante forbindelser. Hvor intet andet er nævnt er der tale om indhold i kopperne, eller den æteriske olie deraf, og ikke i andre plantedele.


Humleplante og humleknop Asmild Klosterhave ved Viborg

Tabellerne nedenfor viser nogle af de flygtige forbindelser, bl.a. aromastoffer der er fundet i humle. Udover de her angivne er der mange det ikke er lykkedes at identificere. Som ved andre planter fx jordbær der er relativt mange estre og terpener. Da estre ofte har frugtagtige lugte er de vigtige for aromaen af humle. Det samme gælder terpenerne som ofte har en aromatisk lugt.

Carbonhydrider	CAS-nummer
Isopren
1,3(E),5(Z)-Undecatrien
1,3(E),5(Z),9-Undecatetraen
Octan
2,6-Dimethyl-2,5-heptadien
1,3-Nonadien
1,3,5-Undecatrien

Alkoholer
2-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol
3-Methyl-1-butanol	123-51-3
3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol
Glycerol	56-81-5
Phenol	108-95-2
Isooctanol
2-Nonanol
2-Decanol
2-Undecanol

Aldehyder
(Z)-3-Hexenal
2-Hexenal
Hexanal	66-25-1
Heptanal	111-71-7
Octanal	124-13-0
Nonanal	124-19-6
Decanal	112-31-2
(E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal
trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal
3-Methylbutanal	590-86-3
3-Methyl-2-butenal

Carboxysyrer
Myresyre	64-18-6
Eddikesyre	64-19-7
2-Methylbutansyre
3-Methylbutansyre	503-74-2
Butansyre	107-92-6
Pentansyre
Heptansyre
Octansyre
Hexadecansyre



Humlepante fra Simon Paulis Flora Danica 1648

Estre	CAS-nummer
Ethyl 2-methylpropanoat
Methyl 2-methylbutanoat
Ethyl 2-methylbutanoat
Propyl 2-methylbutanoat
Isobutylpropanoat
Isopentylacetat
Isobutylisobutyrat
Methylhexanoat
2-Methylbutylpropanoat
3-Methylbutylpropanoat
Methyl-5-methylhexanoat
Isobutylisopentanoat
2-Methylbutylisobutyrat
3-Methylbutylisobutyrat
Methylheptanoat
Methyl-4-heptenoat
Pentyl-2-methylpropanoat
Methyl-6-methylheptanoat
Methyl-6-methylheptanoat
2-Methylbutyl-2-methylbutyrat
Pentyl-2-methylbutyrat
Methyloctanoat
Ethylheptanoat
Hexylisobutyrat
3-Henxenylisobutyrat
Methylphenylacetat
Methyl-4-octenoat
Heptylpropanoat
Methylnonanoat
2-Methylheptylpropanoat
Octylpropanoat
Methyldecenoat
Methyl-4,8-decadienoat
Geransyremethylester (methylgeranat)	2349-14-6
Methyldecanoat
Octyl-2-methylpropanoat
Methyl-2-undecenoat
Methylundecanoat
Methyl-3,6-dodecadienoat
Methyldodecanoat
Ketoner
1-Octen-3-on	4312-99-6
(Z)-1,5-Octadien-3-on
Propanon	67-64-1
2-Hexanon
3-Methyl-2-pentanon
2-Heptanon
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-on
2-Nonanon
2-Decanon
2-Undecanon
2-Dodecanon
2-Tridecanon
2-Tetradecanon
2-Hexadecanon
2-Heptadecanon

Andre	CAS-nummer
3-(methylthio)propanal
4-Ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol
Furfural	98-01-1
2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-on
1,2,3,4,4A,7-Hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-naphthalen	16728-99-7
Dimethyltrisulfid	3658-80-8
S-Methylhexanthioat
Flavonoider
8-Prenylnaringenin






Terpener
Linalool	78-70-6
Linalooloxid
Myrcen	123-35-3
α-Thujen
α-Pinen
β-Pinen
α-Terpinen
p-Cymen	99-87-6
Limonen	138-86-3
β-Phellandren
β-Ocimen
γ-Terpinen
Terpinolen
α -Terpineol	10482-56-1
Nerol	106-25-2
Geraniol	106-24-1
α-Cubeben
α-Ylangen
Copaen
Germacren D
Isocaryophyllen
Calaren
Caryophyllen = β-caryophyllen	87-44-5
β-Cubeben
α-Bergamoten
β -Farnesen
Humulen =α-Humulen = α-caryophyllen	6753-98-6
Colupulon	468-27-9 med flere
γ-Cadinen
α-Amorphen
α -Farnesen	502-61-4
β-Selinen
γ-Muurolen
γ-Selinen
δ-Cadinen
α-Muurolen
Calamenen
Cadinen
Selina-3,7-dien
Caryophyllenoxid	1139-30-6
δ-Cadinol
α-Cadinol
Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (juniper camphor)	473-04-1
Humulon

Eri, S., Khoo, B.K., Lech, J. and Hartman, T.G. 2000. Direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils in support of varietal characterization. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48:1140-1149 (6788); Steinhaus, M. and Schieberle, P. 2000. Comparison of the most odor-active compounds in fresh and dried hop cones (Humulus lupulus L. variety spalter select) based on GC-olfactometry and odor dilution techniques. J, Agric. Food Chem. 48:1776-1783 (6789)

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